Carpinus betulusThe Carpinus betulus more commonly known as the Hornbeam is often confused with the common Beech with similar shaped leaves, however, Hornbeam leaves are smaller and more deeply grooved than Beech leaves. The Hornbeam is monoecious, meaning that both female and male catkins can be found on the same tree. After pollination, the female catkins progress into delicate, green winged fruits, known as Samaras. Small birds and mammals feed on these Samaras